TOPIC Essays - Science And Technology In India, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

TOPIC A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM A. P. J. Abdul Kalam HIS HISTORY Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 to aTamil Muslimfamily in the pilgrimage centre ofRameswaramonPamban Island, then in theMadras Presidencyand now in theStateof Tamil Nadu. His father owned a ferry that tookHindupilgrims back and forth betweenRameswaramand the now uninhabitedDhanushkodi In his school years, Kalam had average grades but was described as a bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire to learn. He spent hours on his studies, especially mathematicsAfter completing his education at the Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attendSaint Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli, then affiliated with theUniversity of Madras, from where he graduated inphysicsin 1954He moved toMadrasin 1955 to study aerospace engineering in Madras Institute of Technology Career as a scientist After graduating from theMadras Institute of Technologyin 1960, Kalam joined theAeronautical Development Establishmentof theDefence Researchand Development Organisation (DRDO) as a scientist. He started his career by designing a smallhovercraft, but remained unconvinced by his choice of a job at DRDO In 196364, he visitedNASA'sLangley Research CenterinHampton, Virginia;Goddard Space Flight CenterinGreenbelt, Maryland; andWallops Flight Facility. Between the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam made an effort to develop thePolar Satellite Launch Vehicle(PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved to be successful. In 1998, along with cardiologistSoma Raju, Kalam developed a low costcoronary stent, named the "Kalam-Raju Stent". In 2012, the duo designed a rugged tablet computer for health care in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet". Presidency Kalam served as the 11th President of India, succeedingK. R. Narayanan. He won the2002 presidential electionwith an electoral vote of 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won byLakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007. Writings In his bookIndia 2020, Kalam strongly advocated an action plan to develop India into a "knowledge superpower" and adeveloped nationby the year 2020. He regarded his work on India'snuclear weaponsprogramme as a way to assert India's place as a future superpower. Kalam describes a "transformative moment" in his life when he askedPramukh Swami, the guru of theBAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, how India might realize this five-pronged vision of development. Pramukh Swami's answerto add a sixth area developing faith in God and spirituality to overcome the current climate of crime and corruptionbecame the spiritual vision for the next 15 years Kalam's life, which he describes in his final book,Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji,published just a month before his death. Awards and honours Kalam receivedhonorary doctoratesfrom 40 universities.The Government of India honoured him with thePadma Bhushanin 1981 and thePadma Vibhushanin 1990 for his work with ISRO and DRDO and his role as a scientific advisor to the Government. The Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi released the commemorative postal stamps on the former President of India, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, on his 84th birth anniversary celebrations, at DRDO Bhawan, in New Delhi on October 15, 2015. Death On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled toShillongto deliver a lecture on "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" at theIndian Institute of Management Shillong. While climbing a flight of stairs, he experienced some discomfort, but was able to enter the auditorium after a brief rest.At around 6:35p.m.IST, only five minutes into his lecture, he collapsed.He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Hospital in a critical condition; upon arrival, he lacked a pulse or any other signs of life.Despite being placed in theintensive care unit, Kalam was confirmed dead of a suddencardiac arrestat 7:45 p.mST.His last words, to his aideSrijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you doing well?" POWER POINT PRESENTATION SUBMITTED BY: BHAWNA CLASS:9th A ROLL NO. 5